![]() ![]() Sorbitol and hydrolyzed gelatin are added as a stabilizer for rubella virus. The attenuated vaccine strain of measles is propagated in chick embryo cell culture and is grown in a buffered salt solution (Medium 199) plus sucrose, phosphate, glutamate, neomycin and recombinant human albumin. Health care providers born during or after 1957 should have documentation of two doses of MMR or other evidence of immunity.Ĭontraindications for MMR vaccination include history of a severe (anaphylactic) reaction to a previous dose or to any component of the vaccine (such as gelatin or neomycin), pregnancy and immunosuppression. Serologic studies have demonstrated that it can be assumed that people born before 1957 had measles and are immune. Which of the following statements are false?Ī) Adequate vaccination for measles, mumps and rubella for health care personnel born during or after 1957 (62 years of age or younger) consists of two doses of MMR.ī) Breastfeeding is a contraindication to MMR vaccination of either the woman or the breastfeeding child.Ĭ) MMR may be administered to egg-allergic children without prior routine skin testing.ĭ) MMR should not be administered to anyone with a penicillin or cephalosporin allergy.Į) Receipt of antibody-containing blood products (e.g., immune globulin, whole blood or packed red blood cells, intravenous immune globulin) may interfere with seroconversion after measles vaccine administration.Īdults born in 1957 or later who do not have a medical contraindication should receive at least one dose of MMR vaccine unless they have documentation of vaccination or other acceptable evidence of immunity to these three diseases. Once introduced, the extent of spread of the virus depends on the number of undervaccinated children and adults exposed to an infectious case. depends on the number of travelers who contract measles abroad and return to the U.S. Yearly variation in the number of reported cases in the U.S. residents returning from or people visiting from countries where measles outbreaks are occurring, such as Israel, Ukraine and the Philippines. Measles virus generally is introduced into a community by U.S. So far this year, 839 cases have been reported, the highest number since 1994, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. was declared free of measles in 2000.īut measles again is making a resurgence. Subsequently, the number of reported measles cases declined, and the U.S. To combat this increase in cases, routine administration of two doses of measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine was recommended in 1989 (MMR was licensed in 1971), with both doses administered after the first 12 months of life. from 1989 through 1990, resulting in 123 measles-associated deaths.ĭisease occurred primarily in two groups: unvaccinated children in the first five years of life and individuals who were vaccinated appropriately at or after 12 months of age (only one dose of measles vaccine was recommended until 1989) but experienced an inadequate immune response and remained susceptible (primary vaccine failure). Then, more than 55,000 cases of measles were reported in the U.S. Small numbers of cases continued to occur in the 1970s and 1980s. įollowing licensure of the first measles vaccines in 1963, measles cases declined dramatically. The first article “When should measles vaccine be given? What is interval between doses?” can be found at. Editor’s note: This is the second of three articles on the safety of measles vaccine. ![]()
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